Grammaticalization and contactinduced structural convergence are discussed in weisss and in bisangs contributions to this volume. Thoughts on grammaticalization was first published in a workingpaper version in 1982 and became very influential immediately, even though it was properly published only in 1995. Hopper, elizabeth closs traugott, cambridge textbooks in linguistics, cambridge university press, second ed. Grammaticalization typically involves generalization, that is, an increase in the polysemies of a form. Another way of thinking about this is to say that as the. Grammaticalization grammaticalization is a complex multifactorial type of language change which does not consists of a single process but of a set of interacting processes. Pdf on jan 1, 2002, christian lehmann and others published thoughts on grammaticalization find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The data illustrate that the type ii idiom kini kuwanai counts as an adjectival idiom, just like the type. A slightly revised version was released in january 1985, but only in form of a number of xerocopies. Grammaticalization 27 w verb form of the verb habthat was free in other contexts to appear in a variety of positions, including before the non nite verb. Download fulltext pdf on analogy as the motivation for grammaticalization article pdf available in studies in language 322. On the grammaticalization of japanese verbal negative marker in. It then provides extensive exemplification of grammaticalization phenomena in diverse languages, ordered by grammatical domains such as the. This is the basis of the structural parameters that constitute grammaticalization.
Such developments have clear implications for typologies based on the degree of synthesis and for the historical development of inflections. Differences between generative and emergentist views on. Thoughts on grammaticalization christian lehmann download bok. In both developments, abstract grammatical meanings are. This chapter treats grammaticalization in the context of usagebased grammar. Welcome to econtent platform of john benjamins publishing company. Examples of how to use grammaticalization in a sentence from the cambridge dictionary labs. Link to a paper by anthony aristar and helen dry on the role of deixis in grammaticalization. Outside the arenas of indoeuropean and romance linguistics, a renewed interest in grammaticalization began to awaken in the 1970s. Thoughts on grammaticalization by christian lehmann. From the point of view of change, forms do not shift abruptly from one category to another, but go through a series of small transitions, transitions. Section 7 some thoughts are presented on how the material discussed might be relevant to the larger topic of this volume. The volume focuses on issues such as grammaticalization and lexicalization.
Despite its modest title, the book can be read as an advanced introduction to grammaticalization, though its conception is very original. It is shown that grammaticalization and first language acquisition frequently involve the same semantic changes. Evans, we made use of the manual transcriptions provided by the text. Grammaticalization enriches the inventory of functional meanings of a language by. They are operationalized to the point of rendering degrees of grammaticalization measurable. A case study in chadic studies in language companion series zygmunt frajzyngier studying the grammaticalization of the complex sentence, this text discusses such topics as. As grammaticalization progresses, meanings expand their range through the development of various polysemies but the reversal, i. A grammaticalization of facial expressions of emotion c. Grammaticalization is a powerful aspect of language, as it creates new function words by a process other than deriving them from existing bound, inflectional constructions i. From fragments of memories as a hidden child in a catholic orphanage in sitnik, poland, gitta rosenzweig weaves a tale of uncertainty that takes us across the globe on a journey of discovery. Claims about constructions and grammaticalization in earlier work although many concepts germane to grammaticalization were articulated before meillet,3 he is thought to be the first to have used the term. Its results offer valuable insights for all theoretical frameworks, including generative, construction, and cognitive grammar, and relates to work in fields such as phonology, sociolinguistics, and language acquisition. In historical linguistics and language change, grammaticalization also known as grammatization or grammaticization is a process of language change by which words representing objects and actions i. Thoughts on grammaticalization christian lehmann download.
Since the early 1980s, linguists like christian lehmann, with essays such as thoughts on grammaticalization lehmann 1982, reopened the discourse on the field of grammaticalization, this field of studies evolved from a tiny, specialist realm into a whole universe of opinions and schools of thought in the last three decades. Leading scholars from around the world introduce and discuss the core theoretical and methodological bases of grammaticalization, report on work in the field, and point to promising. It got out of stock immediately, but has been in high demand since. Basic to work on grammaticalization is the concept of a cline see halliday 1961 for an early use of this term. Between the third and sixth centuries, present tense habwas cliticized in postverbal position, i. Thus it creates new function words by a process other than deriving them from existing bound, inflectional. This is a general introduction to grammaticalization, the change whereby lexical terms and constructions come in certain linguistic contexts to serve grammatical functions, and, once grammaticalized, continue to develop new grammatical functions. The final chapter presents a theory of grammaticalization which is based on the autonomy of the linguistic sign with respect to the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes. Lehmann, christian 1995 thoughts on grammaticalization. Focuses on the advanced developments in the study of grammaticalization and related processes of change such as degrammaticalization, constructionalization, lexicalization, and petrification. In an az format, this book summarizes the most salient generalizations that have been made on the unidirectional change ofgrammatical forms. It then provides extensive exemplification of grammaticalization phenomena in diverse. The oxford handbook of grammaticalization heiko narrog.
Expanding the definiton of grammaticalization publish. The study of grammaticalization raises a number of fundamental theoretical issues pertaining to the relation of langue and parole, creativity and automatic coding, synchrony and diachrony, categoriality and continua, typological characteristics and languagespecific forms, etc. Perspectives on grammaticalization william pagliuca ed. Research on grammaticalization and its role in linguistic change encompasses work on languages from every major linguistic family. Definition in terms of the result of grammaticalization.
Grammaticalization, constructions and the incremental. It then provides extensive exemplification of grammaticalization phenomena in diverse languages, ordered by grammatical domains such as the verbal. This title addresses topical issues relating to the motivations, sources, defining features, and outcomes of these changes. The term is thought to have originated with meillet w958, but rst. From the point of view of change, forms do not shift abruptly from one category to another, but go through a series of small transitions, transitions that tend to be similar in type across languages. A few thoughts are presented on the question of how to build a set of concepts to be used as a. Introduction in its broadest sense, grammaticalization, also known as grammaticization, is the process by which grammar is created cro 2006. Grammaticalization of demonstratives as subordinate complementizers in ngumpinyapa an earlier version of this paper was presented at the blackwood australianist workshop and at the als conference in 2003, and thanks go to colleagues who provided comments at those meetings and later. Pennsylvania, elizabeth closs traugott, stanford university, california. The product of ten years of research, world lexicon of grammaticalization provides the reader with the tools to show how different grammatical meanings can be related to one another in a principled way, how to deal with issues such as polysemy and heterosemy, or why certain linguistic forms have simultaneous lexical and grammatical functions. Gradience, gradualness and grammaticalization stanford university.
This is the second of two volumes deriving from papers presented at the nineteenth annual uwm linguistics symposium held in milwaukee in 1990. Pdf on analogy as the motivation for grammaticalization. On the grammaticalization of evidentiality sciencedirect. The contributions in this volume cover a wide range of theoretical and methodological issues and raise a number of new questions that indicate the future direction of grammaticalization studies. The present edition contains a number of corrections of the 1995 edition. Contribute to langsci88 development by creating an account on github. Cambridge core linguistic anthropology grammaticalization by paul j. Jan 26, 2019 basic to work on grammaticalization is the concept of a cline see halliday 1961 for an early use of this term. This book presents the state of the art in research on grammaticalization, the process by which lexical items acquire grammatical function, grammatical items get additional functions, and grammars are created.
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